It is also a way of reducing women vulnerability and dependency in all sphere of life. In spite of the extensive discussions in various conferences, academic debate and fora the issue of gender imbalance and poor women participation in politics is still very low. Gender, health and reproductive health services 35 3. Gender refers to the different roles that are assigned to males and females. The aforementioned women confirm the emerging trends in womens participation in politics in africa. Despite nigerias long history of political parties, very few. This trend of high level inequality on the potential role of women in shaping the direction of politics. Pdf nigerian women constitute about half of the population of the country and are known to play vital roles as mother, producer, time.
This study was important because it addressed gender inequality based on experiences of women in a developing country, nigeria, and engendered social change because it attempted to find ways women in nigeria could participate freely in the politics of the country. Although the proportions of women in elected positions increased slightly between 1999 and 2007, from an average of 2. The recent trends in womens political participation have led to an increase in womens influence in political issues from diverse angles. Gender inequality has been an issue for several centuries, the world over. The essence of this research work is to primarily study gender equality in nigeria and how it can impact on national security of nigeria. The facts the 1999 constitution of nigeria prohibits discrimination on the grounds of gender, but customary and religious laws continue to restrict womens rights, as nigeria is a federal republic, each state has the authority to draft its own legislation. It is against this background that this paper examines the history of womens participation in politics in nigeria, the legal framework for the promotion and protection of womens rights in the country, the implications of gender parity for the domestication of international treaties protecting womens rights and what could be done to achieve. Perceptions of women in political leadership positions in. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender. Gender equality, politics, women, electoral process, patriarchal, political activist and political participation. Pdf political participation is a voluntary act which encompasses wide range of political activities, including voting at election, contesting for. Womens participation and the political process in nigeria. The authors use the contrasting cases of chile and nigeria to show some of the factors that encourage women to exploit the opportunities presented by transitions to democracy, and link the outcome of state feminism to the strategies and discourses available to women during democratization. Agbalajobi 2010 and yetunde 2010 have agreed on the.
Advancing gender equality and the empowerment of women. Representation in politics nigeria has low rates of female representation in politics by global and regional standards. Emerging trends in womens participation in politics in africa sibonokuhle ndlovu department of development studies. Gender gaps in political participation across subsaharan. Political participation, politics, gender inequality, sexism, women in nigeria. Female empowerment in nigeria is an economic process that involves empowering nigerian women as a poverty reduction measure. Abstract this study investigates the factors that limit womens participation in nigerias politics using as a case study, the period between 1999 and 2007, with emphasis on lagos states.
Gender, democracy, gender issues, education, politics introduction the moment, a child at birth is identified as a boy or a girl, brings along with it discriminatory tendencies of sexism, especially in nigeria. Gender equity gaps in the nigerian tertiary education gender inequality pervades the nigerian higher system in such areas as student enrolment, staff employment, and administrative policies and programmes. The paper is a foray of issues in gender inequality in nigeria with a view to proffering solutions. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender policy in nigeria by sani mustapha kura ramat polytechnic, maiduguri.
Women are underrepresented in almost every sphere of social and political life in nigeria, including politics, commerce, agriculture, industry, military, and educational institutions. Scope of the study the essence of this research work is to primarily study gender equality in nigeria and how it can impact on national security of nigeria. This text takes several approaches to understanding the politics of gender, beginning with an introductory chapter focused on the major terms and theoretical approaches connected to. Emerging trends in womens participation in politics in africa. Hence, this paper offers an overview of women education in nigeria and its benefits to women, families and the society as a whole.
Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in. Gender relations in nigerias politics throughout the history of nigeria, there has been varying levels of womens political participation. Religious interpretations, gender discrimination and. This paper, therefore, examines gender issues and democracy from nigeria experience. This gender bias in nigeria s political system is often traced to the onset of colonialism in nigeria. This paper discusses gender discrimination and feminism in nigeria. Introduction gender inequality especially in the political arena is a serious challenge being faced by women in recent times. Gender inequality especially in the political arena is a serious challenge being faced by. It argues that the gender uneven electoral politics in nigeria is as a result of men majority in. The burgeoning field of gender and political behavior shows that the way in which ordinary citizens connect to the democratic process is gendered. This is as a result of the undemocratic tendencies, deception, violence and uncertainties that characterize the political system. Among these factors are socioeconomic development, the. Oloyede oluyemi national bureau of statistics nbs, abuja, nigeria abstract nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. The problems of gender inequality in nigeria 2 years ago 26835 views by hannah chinasa the problems of gender inequality in nigeria has been raising on for decades, as the modern society has redefined the role of a woman, which is vastly different from what its used to be in the middle ages.
A number of factors have worked together in raising womens. The national policy on gender in basic education should act as a vehicle for the attainment of these goals by 2015. This will reduce cost and avoid complexity that may arise as a result of having a. The phenomenon of women low participation in nigerias politics became worrisome following the. Information, communication and the role of the media 41 3. In the light of the above, this paper critically analyze the issues of gender inequality giving emphases to the issue of the concept gender, the rationale behind national gender policy, situation analysis and framework, guiding principles of the national. The research intends to focus on 12 states representing the 6 geopolitical zones of nigeria for easy analysis of data. Democracy, womens political participation and the policy.
The article then identifies the changes that have occurred in politics and political science over the. Sex refers to a persons biological characteristics. Obvious gender disparity is seen in students enrolment, where the percentage of females in higher education in nigeria is 39. Women are largely absent from positions in the local, national and international institutions that govern our daily lives. Pdf gender and womens political leadership in nigeria. In traditional yoruba states, for example, women held high political offices like the iyalode, iyaloja, iyalaje and even the office of the oba. Gender issues in development received little attention from the researchers. Gender inequality and women participation in politics. The importance, effect, causes, relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. Education should be an intrinsic part of any strategy to address the genderbased discrimination against women and girls that remains prevalent in our society. Maryanne addo director, external resource mobilization multilateral.
Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria. This article discusses the gendered nature of politics as practice and political science as an academic discipline. It studies the sextyping characteristic of most institutions in the modern world and describes how gender shapes the ways people organize, think, and know about the world. This article addresses the link between state feminism and democratization in the global south. The inability of the nigerias patriarchal state to accede to the imperatives of gender equality and active women political participation in governance, constituted. Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria ms. Women have made much influence in the constitution making processes. An analysis of gender inequality and national gender policy. Gender inequality has been a topical issue in academic debate in nigeria. Religious interpretations, gender discrimination and politics.
The nigerian case dominic azuh, phd department of economics and development studies covenant university, ota, ogun state, nigeria and matthew d. Covenant university journal of politics and international affairs cujpia vol. It can be noted that the aggregate of educational, political, health and. Gender in the aggregate, gender in the individual, gender and political action. Thus the western cultural notion of colonialism woven around male superiority reflected in their relations with nigerians. Nigeria has been recording low participation of women in both elective and appointive positions. The attainment of gender equality and the full participation of women in decision making are. Perceptions of women in political leadership positions in nigeria. Oluyemi oloyede nigeria national bureau of statistics abstract. Gender discrimination and feminism in nigeria gender hub. Abstract this study investigates the factors that limit womens participation in nigeria s politics using as a case study, the period between 1999 and 2007, with emphasis on lagos states. In patriarchal societies like nigeria, men have ultimate authority over material resources in the household, such as land and cash crops, and over the. Gender inequality and women participation in politics2011 general election in nigeria is a complete project materials from chapter one to five with reference and abstract. At the same time, countries vary substantially in the size of these gender gaps.
This strategic development results framework, designed for implementing the nigeria national gender policy is the product of an intensive consultative process and hard work by several individuals and institutions. Levels of female participation and representation in nigerian politics are. Political leadership in nigeria are stratified on the basis of gender distinction, thereby calling to question the assertion of gender neutrality in the political arena. In precolonial nigerian societies though womens political participation was not equal to that of men, the position of women in traditional political governance was. Gender inequality and women participation in politics 2011. It also, contends that the power relations that have prevented women from political activism operate in many levels of society, from the most personal to the highly public. Get free research paper on gender inequalities and women participation in politics project topics and materials in nigeria. In contemporary elections, women tend to support leftist parties more than.
This is approved for students in accountancy, business, computer science, economics, engineering, arts. Monitoring participation of women in politics in nigeria paper presented by mrs. Gender relations in nigerias democratic governance core. The problems of gender inequality in nigeria legit. Barriers and enablers for womens participation in governance in. Disadvantaged people and or groups can obtain fair representation only if they are present in elected assemblies. Furthermore, gender discrimination remains highly pervasive, from biases in the constitution, right down to workers rights, legal protections from abuse, and.
Empowerment is the development of women in term of politics, social and economic strength in nation development. The participation of women in governance and politics is of strategic importance not only for women empowerment, but because it has wider benefits and impact british council gender in nigeria report 2012. This masters thesis seeks to shed light on the general connection between good governance and gender equality. Gender politics in nigeria abstract despite the advances towards recognition of womens political, economic and social interaction with men during the 21stcentury, there is a continuing lack of women policy makers in nigeria. Gender politics in nigeria political science project topics. The role of women in politics and in the sustenance of. Gender, participation, politics, democracy, nigeria. Abstract this paper interrogates the nexus between religion and gender with a view to explaining how certain religious interpretations shape gender conceptions and equally create space for sustained diminution of womens participation in public sphere, especially in politics. The politics of gender attempts to break through power structures by examining the institutional roles each play. The first two chapters attempt to provide one possibility for understanding womens rights conditions in middle east, north africa mena and subsaharan africa through the theory of governance. In nigeria, politics is seen by a number of people as a dirty game which must be avoided. Aug 03, 2019 gender inequality and women participation in politics2011 general election in nigeria is a complete project materials from chapter one to five with reference and abstract.
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